Have you ever encountered a coin that you suspected to be biased? If so, what gave it away?

Question

Anonymous · Accepted Answer

Determining if a coin is biased involves testing whether the coin lands on heads
or tails with equal probability. Here's a step-by-step approach to figure out if
a coin is biased:

1. FORMULATE A HYPOTHESIS

* Null Hypothesis (H0): The coin is fair (i.e., the probability of landing
   heads is 0.5).
 * Alternative Hypothesis (H1): The coin is biased (i.e., the probability of
   landing heads is not 0.5).

2. CONDUCT A SERIES OF TRIALS

* Flip the coin a large number of times (e.g., 100, 200, or more). The more
   trials, the more reliable your results.
 * Record the outcome of each flip (heads or tails).

3. CALCULATE THE PROPORTION OF HEADS

* Count the number of heads HH and the total number of flips NN.
 * Calculate the proportion of heads: p=Number of Heads / Total number of flips

4.Calculate the Z-Score:
 * The Z-score measures how many standard deviations the observed proportion is
   from the expected proportion.

compate the z score aginst the established confidence level established and
pvalue to determine if we can reject the null hypothosis or not

Anonymous · Answer

Through statistical hypothesis testing using a binomial distribution model, you
can determine whether a coin is biased. A coin would be biased if the observed
number of heads deviates from the expected number of heads.

Have you ever encountered a coin that you suspected to be biased? If so, what gave it away?

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